Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Pharmacological strategies for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery: current science and the emerging role of multi-omics and artificial intelligence
Perioperative myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury continues to represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, despite considerable advances in cardiopulmonary bypass technology and operative technique. Contemporary cardioprotective approaches, including cardioplegia, offer only partial attenuation of this injury. Intraoperative protection strategies have evolved little over recent decades, and clinical trials investigating pharmacological agents directed at isc …