Frontiers in Oncology
Case Report: Mature tertiary lymphoid structures in a metastatic urothelial carcinoma patient with an exceptional response to sequential immune checkpoint inhibitor and antibody-drug conjugate therapy
Background Biomarkers that predict durable benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) remain limited. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), particularly mature TLS (mTLS) characterized by follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, may reflect a highly compartmentalized antitumor immune niche. Case presentation A 77-year-old man with bladder cancer and lung metastases experienced disease progression after two cycles of gem …