Medicine
Pre-frailty and frailty as independent predictors of mortality in U.S. breast cancer survivors: Evidence from the national health interview survey, 1997 to 2018
Frailty is increasingly recognized as a determinant of poor outcomes in cancer survivorship, yet its prognostic value among breast cancer survivors remains unclear, particularly for pre-frailty. We analyzed data from 22 waves of the national health interview survey (1997–2018), linked to the national death index, encompassing 625,128 adults, including 9941 breast cancer survivors and 615,187 cancer-free participants. Frailty was assessed using a modified fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight …