The Journal of Knee Surgery
Pulsed Electrical Stimulation for Knee Osteoarthritis: Reappraisal of a 21-Year Clinical Development Program
Abstract Knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains a leading cause of pain and disability, yet few nonoperative therapies have demonstrated durable clinical benefit or potential effects on structural disease progression. Pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) was investigated extensively over two decades, but this evidence has received little attention in the contemporary era of disease-modifying OA research. A structured evidence synthesis was performed of five principal prospective clinical investigations evaluating capaciti …