BMC Cancer
Towards a universal ovarian cancer biomarker model: clinical validation of Trx1 and CA125 dual strategy
Abstract Background Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with early detection being critical for improving patient outcomes. Current diagnostic biomarkers, including Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and their combined Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA), exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage disease and premenopausal women. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) has emerged as a potential complementary biomarker. This e …