Science Translational Medicine
Tissue origins and immune correlates of viral rebound in SIV-infected rhesus macaques after ART discontinuation
Most persons living with HIV-1 who discontinue antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrate viral rebound, but the tissue-level events that lead to rebound viremia remain poorly understood. Here, we report the origin, dynamics, and correlates of viral rebound in 16 rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with molecularly barcoded SIVmac239M, treated with ART for 70 weeks, and necropsied on day 12 after ART discontinuation. Barcode analysis of plasma during daily post-ART sampling identified 1 to 38 rebounding viral lineages per …