Energies
Hydro–Wind–Photovoltaic Multi-Energy Centralized Control Systems and Digital Twin-Based Simulation Training Platforms: A Review
With the rapid development of clean energy, hydro–wind–photovoltaic multi-energy systems require centralized control centers with stronger operational support, coordinated dispatch, and emergency response capabilities. However, safety constraints in real control systems limit their use for operator training, fault handling, and emergency drills. In addition, existing simulation-training systems are still largely oriented toward individual plants or single-energy systems, with limited support for coordinated trainin …