Analytical Chemistry
Ultrasensitive Breath Analysis of Lung Cancer Biomarkers Using a Carboxyl-Functionalized Hyper-cross-linked Polymer–Based SPME Coupled with GC─MS
Abstract Exhaled breath analysis offers a noninvasive route for disease screening, yet its practical implementation is constrained by ultratrace analyte levels, high humidity, and limited selectivity of existing enrichment materials. Herein, we report the rational design of a carboxyl-functionalized hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCPs-COOH) as a high-performance solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating and its integration into a two-step preconcentration workflow for breath analysis. The HCPs-COOH exhibits an ultrah …