Qeios
The Bio-Psycho-Social Holobiont Model of Health: Integrating the Biopsychosocial Paradigm, Microbiota Science, and Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology
This article proposes the Bio-Psycho-Social Holobiont Model as a contemporary theoretical framework that integrates the complexity of the traditional biopsychosocial model with recent advances in microbiota science. While the biopsychosocial model has long represented one of the most comprehensive approaches to understanding health and disease, emerging evidence regarding the human microbiota and the holobiont concept suggests the need for a broader conceptual framework capable of incorporating the ecological and f …