Public International and Private International Law
Digital Financial Assets and Modern Hawala as a Method of Their Practical Application in International Settlements
The article describes a method developed by the author for the practical application of CFA in international calculations. The name refers to one of the oldest ways of organizing international settlements — hawala. The method is based on the widespread use of offsetting and was actively used in ancient times, in conditions of high transaction risks. In hawala, well-off merchants played an important role, organizing offsets between various entrepreneurs, acting as intermediaries. Modern sanctions risks also lead to …