PLOS Global Public Health
A novel framework for quantifying the clinical impact of substandard and falsified antimicrobials: Application to typhoid fever
Substandard and falsified (SF) medicines are a neglected public health threat, with an estimated 7% of antimicrobials in low- and middle-income countries being SF. However, quantifying their clinical impact remains challenging. We developed a general framework for estimating population-level impacts of SF antimicrobials on patient outcomes and apply it to SF fluoroquinolones in typhoid treatment. The framework combines two data sources: published surveys of antimicrobial quality to characterize the distribution of …