International Journal of Medical Science and Pharmaceutical Research
Benefits of Using Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine in the Treatment of Immunomediated Rheumatic Diseases
Antimalarial drugs, particularly hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), have been used for decades as cornerstone therapies in the management of immune‑mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Beyond their classical role in disease activity control, these agents exert pleiotropic effects encompassing immunomodulation, anti‑inflammatory signaling, antithrombotic activity, and metabolic and cardiovascular protection. Robust clinical evidence supports their ability to reduce disease flares, limit cumulative organ …