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23 neue Nachweise auf dieser Seite Publiziert in den letzten 30 Tagen Neueste zuerst Crossref DOI
17.08.2026journal-article

Frontiers in Medicine

SAM3-AgeSeg: an adaptive segmentation model for bone tumors in the aging population

Fang Zhang, Xiaoling Yuan, Hongxia Song, Yueying Chen, Tianting Bai

Background Accurate segmentation of bone tumors from X-ray images is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. However, elderly patients pose a significant challenge to general-purpose segmentation models. Methods To address this aging-related medical challenge, we propose SAM3-AgeSeg, an adaptive segmentation model specifically designed for the aging population. Built on the powerful foundation model SAM3, our approach uses a lightweight fine-tuning technique, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), to efficientl …

17.08.2026journal-article

BMC Public Health

Association between modified a body shape index and incident cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study

Jingshuo Zhang, Qingqing Jiang, Furong Wang, Chen Yu

Abstract Background Central obesity contributes significantly to cognitive decline. Traditional indices like BMI inadequately capture visceral adiposity and exhibit the obesity paradox in elderly populations.This study looked into the connection between a modified A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and the development of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults. Methods Longitudinal data from 4,353 eligible participants in the 2011–2020 CHARLS cohort were analyzed. Modified ABSI was calculated based on waist cir …

17.08.2026journal-article

Journal of Robotic Surgery

Disproportionate expansion of radical prostatectomy among older men in Japan in the robotic surgery era: a nationwide descriptive time series analysis

Tomohiko Hara, Suguru Oka, Kazushige Sakaguchi, Shinji Urakami

Abstract Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has rapidly expanded and become the leading surgical approach for prostate cancer in Japan. However, it remains unclear whether the concurrent increase in radical prostatectomy reflects population aging, increased diagnostic activity, or shifts in treatment selection after diagnosis. We performed a nationwide descriptive time-series analysis using publicly available Japanese administrative claims, cancer registry data, population statistics, and hospital function …

17.08.2026journal-article

FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People

Behaviours that Challenge in acute care: Rethinking psychological support and the use of sedatives

Claire Rowley, Becci Dow, Emma Jones

Chemical restraint is a term often associated with discomfort, unease and ethical uncertainty. It suggests a moment where a person’s autonomy is overridden, where distress is interpreted through the lens of risk and where medication replaces understanding. Yet in acute medical settings, particularly emergency departments, assessment units, and frailty wards, situations arise in which sedative medication is used. This is rarely due to careless or poorly informed clinicians; rather, it reflects the environment itself …

17.08.2026journal-article

Revista Chilena de Rehabilitación y Actividad Física

Efectos de un programa de ejercicios multicomponente sobre fuerza de extremidad superior, capacidad aeróbica y postura en personas mayores institucionalizadas en Santiago de Chile 2025

Diego Solis Lagos

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program on upper-extremity strength, aerobic capacity, and posture in institutionalized older adults from the Santiago of Chile. Methodology: An experimental, longitudinal, and randomized study with single-blind masking was conducted. Ten older adults residing in a long-term care facility (ELEAM) participated and were assigned to an experimental group (n=5) and a control group (n=5). The experimental group completed an eight-week multicomponen …

17.08.2026journal-article

Spine

Prevalence of Lumbar MRI Changes Associated with Nerve Root Compression Among Middle-aged People - A Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

Sanna Ulenius, Jyri Järvinen, Jaakko Niinimäki, Jari Arokoski, Jaro Karppinen, Petteri Oura, Juhani Määttä

Study design. A cross-sectional study. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of lumbar MRI changes associated with nerve root compression in a large, unselected middle-aged population. Summary of Background Data. While degenerative spinal changes are frequently observed in imaging, their clinical relevance remains poorly understood. Furthermore, large-scale, population-based studies evaluating comprehensively the full spectrum of lumbar spine imaging variations associated with nerve root compression in MRI are lack …

17.08.2026journal-article

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Mechanistic Drivers of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Aging and Obesity

Gabriela Ueta Ortiz, Gabriela Ferreira Abud, Caroline Fogagnolo, Sofia Germano Travieso, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva, Ellen Cristini de Freitas

Population aging is accelerating worldwide, and is accompanied by a growing burden of chronic metabolic diseases. Adipose tissue dysfunction represents a central mechanism linking aging and obesity to metabolic decline, contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation, impaired adipokine signaling, ectopic lipid deposition, and the whitening of thermogenic fat depots. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis through UCP1 mediated mitochondrial uncoupling, however, its activity progressive …

17.08.2026journal-article

Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research

Unmet Informal Caregiver Needs in Rural Areas: A Care Management Perspective

Hillary Spangler, Nina Daneshvar, Bryan Godfrey, Jennifer Muise, Tess Thompson, Denisé Dews

Background: Caregivers of older adults in rural settings face distinct challenges shaped by environmental factors, including longer travel distances, limited support networks, and fewer resources. Addressing these unmet needs is critical to reducing burnout and negative health outcomes. Methods: We surveyed care managers to compare rural caregivers’ needs with urban caregivers. A convenience sample of care managers completed a survey developed by geriatrics professionals. The survey included multiple-choice and sev …

17.08.2026journal-article

Scientific Electronic Archives

Clinical and epidemiological profile of covid-19 in elderly people in northern Mato Grosso

Izamara Barboza de Souza, Fabiana Cristina Donofrio, Cibele Bonacorsi, Lilian Cristiane Baeza

This study evaluated the clinical-epidemiological profile of elderly individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in the northern region of Mato Grosso. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory study conducted with elderly individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Sinop-MT, using a quantitative-qualitative instrument approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Among the 215 participants, 72.09% were women, with a mean age of 69.09 years; 65.12% were white, 72.09% had low education levels, and 65. …

17.08.2026journal-article

Journal of Payavard Salamat

Financial Protection Analysis in the Health System: Assessing Out-of-Pocket Payments and Catastrophic Health Expenditures Indicators among the Insured People in Tehran

Seyed Mohammad Reza Mousavi, Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Hesamoddin Sharifnia, Maryam Vasheghani Farahani, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame

Background and Aim: Fair protection against financial risks is considered one of the main goals of health systems, and lack of financial protection in health is regarded as a disease in health systems. Protecting citizens from the financial consequences of illness and fair access to health services is a challenge for governments and policymakers. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the indicators of out-of- pocket payments (OOP), catastrophic health expenditures (CHE), and Impoverishing Health Expend …

17.08.2026journal-article

Revista Chilena de Rehabilitación y Actividad Física

Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento neuromuscular en la participación social, la autopercepción de salud y la condición física funcional en adultos mayores de la comuna de Padre Hurtado

Francisco Javier Valdes Vargas

Abstract. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a neuromuscular training program on social participation, self-perception of health, and functional physical condition in older adults. Methodology: A comparative pre-experimental longitudinal study was conducted in 19 older adults belonging to a senior club in Padre Hurtado commune. Participants were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling and included active club members aged 66 to 79 years. Individuals with severe visual impairment, hip or knee pros …

17.08.2026journal-article

Healthcare

Cognitive Function Mediates the Association Between Type 2 Diabetes and Physical Performance Decline in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Xiaohong Chen, Zheping Zhou, Yuchen Ma, Zongyi Chen, Honghong Zhang, Yueju Wang, Ji Hu

Background: Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience cognitive decline and physical function degradation. However, whether cognitive function mediates the association between T2DM and physical performance in older adults has not been previously examined. This study aimed to explore whether cognitive function was statistically associated with the relationship between T2DM and physical performance in older adults using mediation analysis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, an …

17.08.2026journal-article

Viruses

Virological Failure and Mortality Among People Living with HIV Transitioned to Second- or Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rwanda: A Competing-Risks Survival Analysis of National Case-Based Surveillance Data, 2019–2025

Gallican N. Rwibasira, Jean Claude Kwizera, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Steven Karera, Gatete Gaetan, Albert Tuyishime, Eric Remera, Daniel Henry Paris, Tracy R. Glass

Background: Despite Rwanda’s achievement of the UNAIDS 95–95–95 targets, national evidence on virological failure (VF) and mortality after transition to second- or third-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains limited. We estimated the incidence of these outcomes and examined associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) transitioned to second- or third-line ART in Rwanda between 2019 and 2025. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Rwanda’s national HIV case-based surveillance (CBS) sy …

17.08.2026journal-article

Current Neuropharmacology

Differential Serum NGF and BDNF Levels in People Living with HIV According to Antiretroviral Therapy, Historical and Current Viroimmunological Condition: A Pilot Study

Luca Maddaloni, Pamela Rosso, Elena Fico, Letizia Santinelli, Carmen Falvino, Marco Ridolfi, Giampiero Ferraguti, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Guido Antonelli, Carolina Scagnolari, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Marco Fiore

Introduction: Although HIV infection can now be kept under control in almost all people living with HIV (PLWH), these individuals are prone to developing several non-AIDS complications due to chronic immune impairments, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Unfortunately, no marker has been identified to predict these conditions, but there is growing interest in neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods: In this pilot study, we evaluated …

17.08.2026journal-article

FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People

Working with the system: A systemic consultation approach to working with Behaviours that Challenge

Amanda Fagg, Danielle Francis, Eleanor Martin

Behaviours that challenge shown by residents with dementia are frequently encountered within care home environments. Staff often seek support from the Care Home Liaison team, with requests typically framed around strategies or medication. This paper describes a practical framework for systemic consultations in care homes, considering how context, power and social identity shape the work. The approach focuses on the strengths and resources of the team by understanding more about the system around the resident and in …

17.08.2026journal-article

FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People

From threat to safety: A trauma-informed framework for de-escalation in dementia care

Gregg Stevenson

Behaviours that challenge (BtC) in people living with dementia are frequently managed through pharmacological approaches, despite guidance recommending non-pharmacological interventions as first-line treatment. Existing approaches, including Positive Behaviour Support (PBS), provide valuable frameworks for understanding behavioural escalation and informing person-centred care. However, the neuropsychological mechanisms through which perceived threat, emotional vulnerability, and prior life experiences contribute to …

17.08.2026journal-article

Arthritis Care & Research

Exploring the role of community pharmacy in the management of osteoarthritis: surveys and interviews with people with osteoarthritis

Joanna Simkins, Opeyemi O. Babatunde, Melanie A. Holden, Nicola O'Brien, Elaine Nicholls, Angela Long, Krysia Dziedzic, Adrian Chudyk, Adam Todd, Christine Walker, David Webb, Colin Stanford, Elizabeth Cottrell, Emma L. Healey, Tania Cork, Christian Mallen, Simon White

Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of joint pain and people often self‐manage their symptoms before seeking support. Community pharmacies are accessible and well‐placed to support people with OA using pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches. Current policy recommends that pharmacies should be integrated into long‐term condition management pathways. This study aimed to explore the experiences of people with OA engaging with community pharmacy staff for their joint problems, and their views a …

17.08.2026journal-article

Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy

Power structures, elite networks, and informal governance in governance systems

Raed Atef

Purpose This study aims to critically examine how power structures and personal linkages influence governance systems, with a particular focus on elite dominance and informal networks in shaping institutional performance, accountability and transparency. It moves beyond formal institutional explanations by integrating informal governance dynamics into an integrative analytical framework that explains how governance operates in practice. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a structured critical literature r …

17.08.2026journal-article

Sociology of Health & Illness

Before, Behind and Beyond: Life Stories and Identity in Dementia Care

Tove Harnett, Glenn Möllergren

ABSTRACT Life stories are widely promoted in person‐centred dementia care as tools to preserve the identity of the ‘person behind the dementia’. However, as cognitive decline progresses, staff often face dilemmas when current expressions of preference appear to contradict a person's documented past, for example, a devout Muslim requesting pork or a lifelong teetotaller showing interest in alcohol. The aim of this study is to explore how dementia care staff reason about situations in which life story information con …

17.08.2026journal-article

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Acute total sleep deprivation transiently increases plasma total tau but not plasma P-tau181 in healthy adults

Beiyu Zhao, Meng Wei, Suhang Shang, Ling Gao, Shan Wei, Liangjun Dang, Jie Liu, Chen Chen, Yanbo Li, Jin Wang, Fan Gao, Qiumin Qu

Background Sleep deprivation is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) are closely related to cerebral AD pathology and serve as peripheral biomarkers. Our previous work showed that acute sleep deprivation elevated plasma Aβ 40 in healthy adults. Here we conducted an exploratory analysis to examine the effects of sleep deprivation and subsequent recovery on plasma total tau (T-tau) and P-tau181 levels. Methods Twenty healthy adults underwent 24 h …

17.08.2026journal-article

ARPHA Conference Abstracts

A multi‑scale research project assessing the positive and negative impacts of alien species on biodiversity and people

Zoé Bescond--Michel, Giovanni Vimercati, Matheo Pallo-Robles, Selene Escobar-Rámirez, Manuel Mejía-Toro, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Pieter van `t Hof, Sven Bacher

The human-mediated introduction of alien species across biogeographic barriers has resulted in multiple and diverse environmental and socio-economic impacts worldwide. While these impacts are often negative, such as biodiversity loss and livelihood harm, some alien species offer benefits for native species or people. This complexity highlights the need for standardized, evidence-based bidirectional impact assessments to inform conservation management and policy. To address this, we launched a four-year project in 2 …

17.08.2026journal-article

The British Journal of Social Work

Intrinsic and status dignity in social work with people living with learning disabilities: Rethinking self-sovereignty, vulnerability, and human worth

Richard Murphy

Abstract In social work, dignity is usually considered as a person’s worth and what it demands. This can be drawn on to argue for the development of rights for people living with learning disabilities who experience exclusion and social disadvantage. However, normative ideas of flourishing can become a means of judging the worth of a life. When this happens, dignity becomes a status dependent on external criteria. Current approaches to dignity identify it with ideas of self-sovereignty. These disadvantages affect p …

17.08.2026journal-article

FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People

How to effectively embed Positive Behaviour Support within Older People’s Mental Health services: A five-year programme to treat Behaviours that Challenge in dementia

Katy Lee

This article describes a five-year strategy aiming to encourage the use of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) interventions within a local Older People’s Mental Health (OPMH) service. After outlining the rationale for adopting PBS interventions when supporting people with dementia displaying behaviours that challenge, the paper describes the approach taken to encourage OPMH staff to embrace psychosocial approaches within their clinical practice. This included engaging senior clinicians and developing a network of PBS …