02.09.2026journal-article
Frontiers in Toxicology
Rewriting paracelsus: linking chemical assessment to public health
Human health is continuously challenged by exposure to complex mixtures of chemicals present in food, products, and the environment. Traditional risk assessment (TRA), rooted in mid-20th-century paradigms, relies on deterministic thresholds and animal testing to define safe exposure levels. This approach, while useful for regulatory simplicity, fails to represent real-world variability, mixture effects, and lifelong events, limiting its relevance for public health protection. Here we show that a probabilistic Next- …