Frontiers in Immunology
In vivo CAR T-cell generation: delivery platforms, clinical progress, and translational barriers
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of several hematological malignancies, but its broader application remains constrained by the complexity, cost, and time required for conventional ex vivo manufacturing. In vivo CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising next-generation strategy that aims to generate CAR T cells directly within the patient through targeted delivery of CAR-encoding genetic information to endogenous T cells. This approach has the potential to simplify tre …