The Oncologist
45 Targeting Lysyl Oxidase Inhibits Tumor Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is defined by constitutive pseudohypoxia driven by von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) loss, pronounced intratumoral heterogeneity, and aberrant hypervascularity, features that collectively promote tumor progression and limit therapeutic durability. Although VEGF-targeted therapies and HIF-2α inhibitors have improved clinical outcomes, resistance frequently emerges, including mutations in the PAS-B binding pocket that impair drug efficacy. However, the mechanisms that …