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A narrative review of epidemiology risk factors and health system responses to hypertension in low and middle income countries between 2015 and 2025
Abstract Hypertension continues to be a leading factor in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. This narrative review synthesises evidence from 2015 to 2025 on the epidemiology, risk factors, and health system responses to hypertension across LMICs. The results show that the prevalence varied across regions, and that awareness, treatment, and control are all consistently low. Key determinants encompass behavioural, socioeconomic, environmental, and health system factors that interact to influence hypert …