Frontiers in Medicine
Preconception cardiac rehabilitation: a structured narrative review and conceptual framework for maternal cardiovascular health and fetal growth
Cardiovascular disease is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, and many pregnancy-related cardiovascular deaths are potentially preventable. Cardio-obstetrics has advanced preconception counseling, multidisciplinary care, and risk stratification, but a structured preconception cardiovascular intervention model remains undeveloped. This structured narrative review synthesizes recent cardiovascular, exercise, lifestyle, and implementation evidence and proposes preconception cardiac rehabilitation …