Precision Clinical Medicine
Psycho-cardiovascular interaction network in cardiovascular health and disease: signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms
Abstract Extensive evidence indicates a strong association between psychological and psychiatric factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psychological and psychiatric factors, including depression, anxiety, and chronic stress, are associated with an increased risk of CVD and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, this association is bidirectional, as patients with CVD have a notably higher risk of developing comorbid mental disorders. We propose the psycho-cardiovascular interaction network (PCIN) to eluci …