Complementary and Integrated Nutritional Interventions in Midwifery Care for Adolescent Reproductive and Respiratory Health in Urban Communities: A Systematic Literature Review

Vollständiger Abstract

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Urban adolescents and women of reproductive age continue to experience interconnected nutritional, reproductive, and respiratory health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on complementary and integrated nutritional interventions within midwifery care to improve reproductive and respiratory health outcomes among urban adolescents. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in Scopus and supplemented it with manual reference screening for studies published between 2017 and 2025. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed English-language articles involving adolescents or women of reproductive age in urban settings. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Four key themes emerged: anemia and nutritional deficiencies, reproductive health knowledge and access, respiratory health and environmental risks, and systemic barriers to healthcare services. The findings revealed persistent issues related to anemia, malnutrition, menstrual health, and limited reproductive health knowledge, while environmental exposures and unhealthy lifestyles contributed to poor respiratory outcomes. Socioeconomic inequality and restricted healthcare access further exacerbated these challenges. The review highlights the importance of integrated, community-based nutritional interventions within midwifery services to support better health outcomes and reduce urban health disparities.