Influence of Ethanol, Methanol and N-Hexane Extracts of Kigelia Africana Leaves and Fruits on Oxidative and Biochemical Properties in Induced Diabetic Rats

Vollständiger Abstract

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Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and disrupted biochemical parameters. This study investigated the effects of ethanol, methanol, and n-hexane extracts from the leaves and fruits of Kigelia africana on oxidative and biochemical markers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The plant materials were extracted using maceration and solvent evaporation methods. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan monohydrate. Experimental groups included normal controls, diabetic controls, and treatment groups receiving graded doses of the extracts. Key parameters measured were fasting blood glucose, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT]), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and lipid profiles. Alloxan increased blood glucose by about 69%. Treatment with Kigelia africana extracts reduced glucose levels by 45–62%, with methanol leaf extract being most effective (62% reduction). Antioxidant markers improved significantly: SOD and CAT activities increased by 55–70%, MDA decreased by ~58%, and GSH rose by 60%. Liver enzymes decreased by 40–55%, indicating hepatoprotection. Lipid profiles improved with 35–50% reductions in total cholesterol and LDL, and a 30% increase in HDL. Methanol and ethanol extract outperformed n-hexane, suggesting polar solvents extract more bioactive antidiabetic compounds. The study concludes Kigelia africana exhibits strong antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects, supporting its traditional use in diabetes management.