Article RETRACTED due to malpractice Design and validation of a textbook on family environment and child education to support children’s physical activity and active lifestyles

Vollständiger Abstract

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Introduction: Children’s physical activity and active lifestyles are strongly influenced by family routines, parental modeling, and educational support, yet learning resources that integrate family environment, child education, and children’s physical activity remain limited in guidance and counseling education. Objective: This study aimed to design and validate a textbook on Family Environment and Child Education to support university students’ understanding of children’s physical activity and active lifestyles. Methodology: A research and development design was used, guided by the Lee and Owens instructional design model, including assessment, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The textbook was validated by content and design experts and tested through individual, small-group, and large-group trials involving undergraduate guidance and counseling students. Results: The textbook achieved very feasible scores in content validation (84.0%) and design validation (88.5%). Student responses were very good in the individual trial (M = 91.00), small-group trial (M = 91.20), and large-group item assessment (M = 94.45). Learning achievement increased from 29 to 86, with a normalized gain of 0.80. Discussion: These findings indicate that the textbook can help students connect family environment, child education, and children’s physical activity within an integrated learning framework. Conclusion: The textbook is feasible and useful as a pedagogical resource for understanding family-based support for children’s active lifestyles.