Terapia ecuestre y riesgo de caída en adulto mayor post evento vascular cerebral: estudio de caso

Vollständiger Abstract

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Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability in older adults, resulting in impairments that compromise their autonomy. Among these impairments, deterioration of balance and gait stand out as factors that increase the risk of falls. In light of this scenario, equine-assisted therapy emerges as a rehabilitative intervention that uses the horse's movement to promote neuromuscular response together with postural control. Objective: To determine the impact of an equine-assisted therapy program on fall risk in an older adult with stroke. Methodology: A single case study of a 70-year-old man with hemiparesis secondary to a hemorrhagic stroke, with pretest and posttest evaluation using the Tinetti Scale as the measurement instrument for fall risk. Results: Following the intervention, the balance score remained unchanged, while the gait dimension showed an increase from 3 to 8 points, statistically supported by the Reliable Change Index (RCI=3.25). The overall scale score increased from 14 to 19 points, allowing the participant to be reclassified from a "high risk" to a "moderate risk" level of falls. Conclusion: In this case study, equine-assisted therapy was associated with a reduction in fall risk, particularly through changes in the gait dimension, while static balance remained unchanged. Given the inherent limitations of the single case design, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory evidence suggesting the potential of equine-assisted therapy as a complementary strategy, without implying the establishment of a definitive causal relationship.