Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Makan Bergizi Gratis di SMP Negeri 2 Kalijati Kabupaten Subang

Vollständiger Abstract

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Abstrak Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) merupakan kebijakan strategis nasional yang bertujuan meningkatkan status gizi siswa dan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui intervensi nutrisi di sekolah. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi program MBG di SMPN 2 Kalijati Kabupaten Subang menggunakan model implementasi kebijakan Van Meter dan Van Horn yang mencakup enam variabel: standar dan sasaran kebijakan, sumber daya, karakteristik agen pelaksana, komunikasi antarorganisasi, lingkungan ekonomi-sosial-politik, dan disposisi pelaksana. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri dari Kepala Sekolah, Guru, Dinas Pendidikan, Kepala SPPG (Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi), Ahli Gizi, Staf Dapur, orang tua murid, dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa standar dan sasaran kebijakan telah dipahami secara seragam oleh para pelaksana, meski masih terdapat tantangan dalam penanganan sisa makanan (plate waste). Sumber daya menunjukkan dukungan anggaran yang kuat dari Badan Gizi Nasional (BGN), namun terkendala keterbatasan sarana prasarana produksi dan fluktuasi kualitas bahan baku lokal. Komunikasi antarorganisasi berjalan efektif secara instruksional, tetapi lemah dalam sosialisasi mekanisme pengaduan bagi orang tua. Lingkungan sosial-ekonomi memberikan dukungan positif, sementara disposisi pelaksana menunjukkan komitmen tinggi terhadap keberlanjutan program. Data pertumbuhan siswa kelas VII memperlihatkan peningkatan rata-rata tinggi badan 8,7 cm dan berat badan 6,4 kg selama tujuh bulan implementasi. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi MBG telah berjalan baik secara administratif dan memberikan dampak positif terhadap status gizi siswa, namun memerlukan penguatan pada sistem kontrol kualitas rantai pasok, manajemen waktu distribusi, dan modernisasi variasi menu. Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan, Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG), Status Gizi Siswa Abstract The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program is a national strategic policy aimed at improving students’ nutritional status and human resource quality through nutritional interventions in schools. This study analyses the implementation of the MBG program at SMPN 2 Kalijati, Subang Regency, using the policy implementation model of Meter and Horn encompassing six variables: policy standards and objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agencies, inter-organizational communication, economic-social-political environment, and disposition of implementers. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Research informants included the School Principal, Teachers, the Education Department, the Head of SPPG (Nutrition Fulfilment Service Unit), a Nutritionist, Kitchen Staff, parents, and students. The findings reveal that policy standards and objectives are uniformly understood among implementers, although challenges persist in managing plate waste. The resources variable demonstrates strong budgetary support from the National Nutrition Agency (BGN), yet is constrained by limited production infrastructure and fluctuations in local raw material quality. Inter-organizational communication is instructionally effective but remains weak in disseminating grievance mechanisms to parents. The socio-economic environment provides positive support, while implementers display strong commitment to program sustainability. Growth data from seventh-grade students indicate an average height increase of 8.7 cm and weight gain of 6.4 kg over seven months of implementation. The study concludes that MBG implementation has performed well administratively and positively impacted student nutritional status, but requires strengthening in supply chain quality control, distribution time management, and menu variation modernization. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Free Nutritious Meal (MBG), Student Nutritional Status.