Effectiveness Music Therapy in Reducing Pain and Anxiety in Preschool Children in the Emergency Room: Literature Review

Vollständiger Abstract

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The Emergency Department (ED) is a healthcare setting with a high risk of causing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients due to invasive procedures and emergency situations. If these conditions are not properly managed, they can negatively impact the care experience and increase the risk of psychological trauma. Music toy therapy, as a non-pharmacological intervention based on active distraction, has the potential to reduce pain and anxiety in children in the ED. This literature review aims to analyze the latest scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of music toy therapy in pediatric patients in the ED. The method used was a traditional literature review with article searches conducted via Google Scholar and PubMed for the years 2021–2025. The literature search yielded 273 articles from Google Scholar and 21 articles from PubMed. Article selection was conducted using the PRISMA flowchart, resulting in five articles that met the inclusion criteria. The keywords used for searching Indonesian journal articles included “Music Toy Therapy,” “Pain,” “Child Anxiety,” and “Emergency Department”. The review findings indicate that music toy therapy has a positive effect on reducing pain and anxiety in children, particularly among preschoolers and early school-age children. Music toy therapy is a safe, easy-to-implement, and potentially effective intervention for improving the quality of pediatric nursing care in the emergency department through a holistic approach that involves families and the active role of nurses.