ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BY USING AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY FOR PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT

Vollständiger Abstract

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The article presents the results of experimental studies on ensuring the environmental safety of agricultural production by using aerosol technology for pre-sowing seed treatment. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a device for pre-sowing seed treatment of grain crops with hot fog of humic preparations, which ensures increased environmental safety of agricultural production and improved seed quality. The studies were carried out on a laboratory installation that includes a pickling chamber with guide shelves and a thermo-aerosol generator. The variables were the angle of inclination of the shelves (25–40°) and the number of shelves (3–7). It was found that the optimal parameters are 5 shelves with an angle of inclination of 32°, which provide a seed movement speed of 0.57 m/s and a uniform temperature field of 87–94%. These parameters allow for multiple seed-toaerosol contact in a closed chamber, preventing the loss of the product and its release into the environment. Laboratory tests on barley seeds of the Vladimir and Margret varieties showed that aerosol treatment with humic preparations increases germination energy by 5-10% and germination by 5-6% compared to the control, surpassing the traditional semi-dry method. The maximum efficiency was observed when using the Ecocost preparation: germination reached 98% compared to 92% in the control. It was noted that the use of hot fog eliminates the subsequent drying of seeds and prevents the release of preparations into the soil. The obtained results confirm that the proposed technology is an effective alternative to traditional seed treatment methods, providing high seed quality while reducing the environmental impact on agrocenoses.