Experimental Study of a Digital Feedback Fluxgate Magnetometer Using a Fifth-Order Single-Loop 1-Bit Sigma–Delta Modulator

Vollständiger Abstract

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Digital fluxgate magnetometers have been widely used in deep space exploration due to their low noise, high sensitivity, and high reliability. This paper presents a digital fluxgate magnetometer using a fifth-order single-loop 1-bit Sigma–Delta modulator. With a consistent system structure, measurement range, test setup, and calculation method, the characteristics of magnetic field measurement noise and non-linear error are obtained under four OSR configurations through simulation analysis and experimental testing. The test results show that within the range of ±65,000 nT, the system achieves its optimal performance with a non-linearity of 0.024%, an RMS noise of 0.106 nT, and a noise power spectral density of 5.7 pT·Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. These results indicate that increasing the OSR can effectively improve the performance of this digital fluxgate magnetometer, enabling high linearity and low noise measurement in Earth’s magnetic field.