Deconstructing the Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres: Integromics Prioritizes Five Master Hubs Dictating Clinical Survival and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities

Vollständiger Abstract

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The Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway drives replicative immortality in aggressive malignancies, particularly sarcomas and gliomas. Clinical ALT stratification has relied on screening for structural ATRX and DAXX mutations. However, this genotypic approach fails to capture the dynamic macro-reprogramming required to sustain ALT. Here, we established and validated a 28-gene transcriptomic signature that captures the ALT-associated transcriptomic phenotype of the ALT phenotype. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and time-dependent ROC analyses, we demonstrate that this signature is a robust, independent predictor of poor overall survival in Sarcoma (SARC) and Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) cohorts, outperforming the prognostic value of traditional ATRX/DAXX mutational status. Genomic mapping revealed this transcriptional synchrony is structurally facilitated by non-random focal clustering on Chromosome 8. To deconstruct the machinery driving this lethal phenotype, we employed an integromic approach, synthesizing protein–protein and metabolic flux networks. Topological algorithms prioritized five indispensable hubs: TP53, ATM, ATR, PCNA, and UBE2I. Gene–metabolite profiling identified PCNA as a bottleneck funneling extreme deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) demand to sustain break-induced telomeric recombination. To translate these vulnerabilities into actionable treatments, we mapped these hubs to a precision pharmacological network. We propose a multi-targeted strategy combining FDA-approved PARP inhibitors to exploit ATR-mediated synthetic lethality, alongside antimetabolites to induce nucleotide starvation. This study redefines ALT risk stratification and provides a data-driven framework to target and treat resistant ALT-positive tumors.