PATIENT COMPLIANCE IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT: THE ROLE OF BEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL, AND DIGITAL FACTORS – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Vollständiger Abstract

Worum geht es in dieser Arbeit?

Objectives: This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence on factors influencing patient compliance in orthodontic treatment, with particular focus on behavioral, psychological, social, treatment-related and digital technology-related determinants. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using full-text scientific publications available in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The search included studies published between 1990 and 2026 and used keywords related to patient compliance, adherence, orthodontic treatment, behavioral and psychological factors, social support, health literacy, teleorthodontics, digital technologies and remote monitoring. Original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and narrative reviews were included. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and synthesized into thematic categories. Key Findings: The available evidence indicates that orthodontic compliance is a multidimensional and dynamic process rather than a single patient behavior. Patient motivation, attitudes toward treatment, understanding of recommendations, pain, discomfort, family involvement, communication with the orthodontist and the complexity of treatment protocols all contribute to adherence. Digital technologies, including mobile applications, SMS reminders and remote monitoring systems, may improve oral hygiene, reinforce recommendations and facilitate communication, although their long-term effectiveness remains inconclusive. Conclusions: Improving compliance in orthodontic treatment requires an individualized and patient-centered approach. Clear communication, regular feedback, pain management, family involvement and appropriately selected digital tools may help strengthen patient cooperation and improve treatment predictability.