The Role of Place-Based Programs in Supporting Ethnic-Racial Identity and Mental Well-being Among Racialized Children in North America: A Systematic Review

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background: Racialized children and adolescents experience mental health inequities, particularly in North America, where racism and discrimination can affect health and well-being. Positive ethnic-racial identity, cultural connectedness, and belonging may protect psychological well-being. However, limited research examines how place-based programs, embedded in local settings where youth regularly gather and participate, support identity and well-being. This review examined how place-based programs support ethnic-racial identity and mental well-being among racialized children in North America. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, and ERIC. Eligibility criteria included racialized children or adolescents in North America, participation in a place-based program, and outcomes related to ethnic-racial identity and well-being. Multiple reviewers screened records, with disagreements resolved through consensus. Of 259 records identified, 61 duplicates were removed, 198 titles and abstracts were screened, and 79 full-text articles were assessed. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics, program features, identity and well-being outcomes, and youth experiences were extracted and synthesized thematically. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) cultural affirmation and self-worth; (2) relational safety and belonging; (3) active participation and youth agency; and (4) recognizing and responding to structural harm. Culturally grounded activities supported identity, cultural pride, and self-worth. Trusted relationships with peers, mentors, families, elders, and community members supported belonging, emotional expression, and connection. Sport, art, music, cultural practices, and skill-building supported confidence, coping, and agency. Programs addressing racism, discrimination, historical trauma, or structural stress helped youth understand these experiences and develop strategies for resistance and healing. Youth voice and community involvement strengthened trust, engagement, and connection to culture and community. Conclusion: Place-based programs support ethnic-racial identity and mental well-being when they create culturally affirming, relationally safe, participatory, and structurally responsive environments. Their value lies not only in where programs are delivered but also in how spaces are shaped around youths’ cultural and social realities.Faculty Supervisor: Dr. Joseph Kangmennaang