Developing a Family-Based Rehabilitation Model for Juvenile Victims of Narcotics Abuse in Indonesia

Vollständiger Abstract

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Juveniles involved in narcotics abuse constitute one of the most vulnerable groups within the criminal justice system because they simultaneously experience legal, psychological, and social harms. Although Indonesian narcotics legislation recognizes rehabilitation as an alternative to imprisonment, the existing legal framework does not distinguish rehabilitation mechanisms for juveniles from those applied to adults. This study aims to examine the implementation of rehabilitation sanctions for juvenile victims of narcotics abuse in Indonesia and to develop a family-based rehabilitation model that better reflects the principles of child protection and restorative justice. Employing empirical legal research, this study combines statutory analysis with qualitative interviews involving officials of the National Narcotics Board (BNN) and survey data collected from families participating in rehabilitation programs. The findings reveal three principal shortcomings within the current rehabilitation system. First, rehabilitation remains institution-centered and largely replicates adult treatment models. Second, family participation is treated as complementary rather than an integral component of rehabilitation. Third, existing regulations provide no operational framework specifically designed for juvenile victims despite the requirements of the Juvenile Justice System Act and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Unlike previous studies that primarily discuss family therapy from psychological or clinical perspectives, this article contributes to the literature by developing a legally integrated family-based rehabilitation model that operationalizes the principle of the best interests of the child within Indonesia's juvenile justice system. The proposed model incorporates legal safeguards, multidisciplinary assessment, structured family participation, and post-rehabilitation supervision, thereby strengthening child-centered rehabilitation as an integral component of criminal justice reform.