Phytoconstituents of Kalyanaka Ghrita in Cognitive Enhancement: An Integrative Ayurvedic Mini- Review

Vollständiger Abstract

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Introduction: Kalyanaka Ghrita is an ancient Indian medicinal formulation renowned for its holistic approach to treating various brain disorders. Rooted in the Ayurvedic system of medicine, it is a cow Ghrita(clarified butter-based) polyherbal classical remedy traditionally used to manage Daurbalya(debility),Smritidaurbalya (memory impairment), and Buddhimandyata (intellectual impairment). Its formulation includes twenty-eight potent neuroprotective herbs combined with goghrita, which have been employed since ancient times for treating neurological disorders. Methodology: This review analyzed Kalyanaka Ghrita and its phytoconstituents using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and traditional texts. Keywords: Kalyanaka Ghrita, phytoconstituents, learning and memory, pharmacological activities [Boolean operators: AND/OR]. Included the original research, reviews, and traditional texts. Moreover, excluded the duplicates, irrelevant studies, and non-primary data. Result: The plant-based ingredients of Kalyanaka Ghrita are well known in Ayurveda for their medicinal properties. These Ayurvedic plants are rich in important bioactive compounds, such as quercetin, gallic acid, chebulic acid, kaempferol, and sitosterols, which contribute to neuroprotection through an integrated multimodal mechanism. The mechanism involves a synergistic combination of AChE inhibition to enhance cholinergic transmission, potent antioxidant activity to mitigate oxidative stress, and BDNF upregulation to support neuronal survival and plasticity. Moreover, these compounds confer anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloid-beta aggregatory activities, which work collectively to support cognitive function and mitigate memory-related disorders. Discussion: This review combines Ayurvedic knowledge and modern pharmacological evidence to elucidate the multi-target mechanisms of Kalyanaka Ghrita, primarily through the synergistic action of its key phytoconstituents via a coordinated mechanism that integrates antioxidant defense, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, inflammation suppression, and BDNF modulation. The synthesized evidence strongly supports the formulation's neuroprotective potential and reinforces the necessity of targeted clinical trials to validate its efficacy in specific cognitive disorders, such as age-related memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: This review bridges Ayurvedic wisdom and modern science on Kalyanaka Ghrita, highlighting its neuroprotective potential and encouraging deeper exploration of contemporary therapies for neurological disorders. The compiled evidence implicating compounds such as quercetin and gallic acid in reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing cholinergic neuronal activity provides a strong foundation for their therapeutic application. The next essential step is to explore these specific insights to conduct targeted clinical trials, thereby accelerating the development of a novel, integrative treatment for brain disorders.