Perception, Acceptance, and Challenges Regarding a New Framework for Security, Safety and Health Enforcers: A Qualitative Study in Malaysia

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background: Non-compliance with legal requirements related to occupational safety and health (OSH) among workers in Malaysia remains widespread. Contributing factors include insufficient enforcement workforce. Given the large number of security personnel (SP) and the overlapping nature of responsibilities, there is potential to integrate security roles with OSH functions. This study aims to identify the perception, acceptance and challenges of security-related stakeholders on the possible integration. Methods: An exploratory qualitative research was performed in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Management representatives from various security and safety organisations were invited to participate in focus group discussions (FGDs). Data were analysed using framework analysis. Voice recordings were transcribed, translated and coded using NVivo v14, and findings were interpreted based on organisational readiness for change theory. Results: Eleven representatives participated in two FGDs. The integrated enforcement concept was preferred for adoption by both groups. Although the majority of security guards are Malaysians, many foreign guards are found in commercial and private sector premises, auxiliary police and the Malaysia Volunteer Department (RELA) were limited to Malaysians. The current security training curriculum has minimal basic OSH content. There is a need to integrate OSH into security training modules while benchmarking OSH courses. Enablers consisted of the need for training and new basic modules for SP, leadership, resource optimisation, minimum qualifications and the latest technology. Conclusion: The integration of functions is favoured by management representatives of security and safety organisations. Challenges include limitations in legal requirements, and enablers focus on the need for changes in the curriculum for training and leadership support. The findings of this study support the goals of SDG 8 and OSHMP30.