Modern technologies for acid treatment of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East

Vollständiger Abstract

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Relevance. Acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells in carbonate reservoirs of the Middle East, characterized by significant layer-by-layer heterogeneity and low filtration-capacity properties, is associated with a number of complications. This negatively affects the stimulation of oil inflow, restoration of productivity of producing wells and injectivity of injection wells. Consideration of technological solutions and approaches to acidizing in carbonate reservoir conditions is of research and practical interest. Aim. To study the capabilities and features of modern technologies for acidizing the bottomhole zone of wells in Middle East carbonate reservoirs. Methods. Review of modern scientific literature on acidizing carbonate reservoirs, analysis of features and a summary of the main ways to solve problematic aspects of acidizing carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East. Results and conclusions. The paper describes the characteristics of Middle East carbonate reservoirs, including high temperature, salinity, carbonate rock purity, layered heterogeneity, low permeability, and great depth. The paper introduces the factors influencing the effectiveness of acid treatment. To improve the effectiveness of acid treatment, it is recommended to use the following: delayed and diverting acid systems based on gel, foam, micro- and nanoemulsions, viscoelastic surfactants, and foamed viscoelastic surfactants; diverters in the form of biodegradable, multimodal mixtures of particles and fibers; multicomponent and multistage treatment, and hybrid and integrated technologies. It is clarified that acid fracturing technologies in horizontal and multilateral wells involve targeted delivery of viscoelastic surfactants using coiled tubing systems, mechanical diversion, or drill pipe with a point-type downhole tool. To maintain stable fracture conductivity during acid fracturing, hybrid multi-stage technologies are required, such as the use of guar gel-based fracturing fluid and a retarded acid system in conjunction with proppant, or the use of chelating agents. It is noted that the weakening of the mechanical strength of carbonate rocks during acid treatment can be compensated for by using consolidating agents. For citation: Almohammad Alnayef M., Bezverkhaya E.V., Gnidan E.V. Modern technologies for acid treatment of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2026, vo. 337, no. 8, pp. 112–128. http://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/8/5390