Determinants of Life Satisfaction and Happiness Levels of Older Individuals in Türkiye Using Binary and Ordered Choice Models

Vollständiger Abstract

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This study aims to examine the factors influencing life satisfaction and happiness among individuals aged 65 and over in Türkiye, two main indicators of subjective well-being. For this purpose, using the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) 2023 Türkiye Older Persons Profile Survey micro dataset, binary logit and binary probit models were estimated to explain the life satisfaction variable, and ordered, stereotype, and generalized ordered logit models were estimated to explain the happiness level variable. The findings indicate that results from alternative models of life satisfaction and happiness are largely consistent. Age, exposure to violence, and financial deprivation had negative effects on life satisfaction; while the number of people who could provide support and the ability to go out independently had positive effects. An increase in the number of people available for support, having a postgraduate education, and the ability to go out independently were found to increase the likelihood of reporting higher levels of happiness among individuals aged 65 and over. In contrast, exposure to violence, financial deprivation, and being a tenant were found to reduce the likelihood of reporting higher levels of happiness.