STUDY OF GLYPHOSATE-CONTAINING HERBICIDES INFLUENCE ON PLANT CULTURES AND SOIL MICROBIOSIS: DESTRUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SOIL BIOCENOSIS

Vollständiger Abstract

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The article underlines the influence of different concentrations of glyphosate-containing herbicides on the growth and development of plant objects using the example of corn seedlings of several varieties, as well as the effect of glyphosate on soil microflora, and analyzes the mechanism of glyphosate biodegradation.The aim of this work is to determine the intervarietal differences in the response of cultivated plants to the presence of glyphosate in the cultivation medium, as well as to assess the effect of different doses of the studied herbicide on the number of the main groups of soil microorganisms and to study the biodegradative potential of glyphosate by soil microorganisms.Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine, C3H8NO5P) was used as an active ingredient, as well as Roundup, a trademarked herbicide, which is an aqueous solution of glyphosate acid (isopropylamine salt, 360 g/L).The objects of studying the effect of herbicides on plants were seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) of the varieties «Golden Cob», «Early gourmet 121», «Lakomka Belogorya».The material for the experiment on the effect of glyphosate on microbiocenosis was soil samples collected in the village of Mikhailovka (Ufa District, Republic of Bashkortostan).To study the biodegradation of glyphosate soil bacteria of the genus Bacillus were used, and cultivation was performed on minimal medium M9.In experiments on the germination of corn seeds at different concentrations of the herbicide, it was found that as the concentration of the herbicide in the solution increased, the inhibitory effect increased as well. In addition, most of the seeds were infected with fungi, indicating that the presence of glyphosate can activate the development of pathogenic microflora.Furthermore, the effect of the herbicide on the soil biocenosis was studied. The analysis of the experiments showed that the herbicide has a stimulating effect on the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms. In the study of the destructive potential of glyphosate, bacteria isolated from soil strains of the genus Bacillus sp. were used. As a result of the destruction of glyphosate, it was spectrally established that the microorganisms-destructors convert glyphosate into a low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol.