Molecular and cellular mechanisms of skin wound healing and their experimental assessment

Vollständiger Abstract

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This paper analyzes current evidence on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying skin wound healing. The key stages of the wound healing process are examined, including inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, together with the genes regulating these processes. Particular attention is given to the phase-specific patterns of gene expression and their role in coordinating intercellular interactions. The major experimental models used to study wound healing are discussed, including in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic systems, as well as methods for assessing tissue regeneration at the macroscopic, histological, and molecular levels. The findings demonstrate that the integrated use of these approaches enables a more comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of reparative processes and improves the reproducibility of experimental results. The evidence obtained highlights the critical role of molecular and genetic mechanisms in regulating wound healing and underscores their potential as biomarkers of regenerative efficacy and as therapeutic targets for the development of novel treatment strategies.