Root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: Epidemiology, symptoms, and management in crops

Vollständiger Abstract

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Root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most economically important soilborne diseases, affecting several crops, including soybean, maize, cotton, and common bean. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the epidemiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management of this pathogen. M. phaseolina exhibits a high survival capacity in soil due to the formation of microsclerotia and is favored by high temperatures and water deficit conditions. Infection compromises the root system, reducing water and nutrient uptake and causing symptoms such as root necrosis, wilting, premature senescence, and yield reduction. Disease diagnosis can be performed through field symptom assessment, fungal isolation, and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disease management is primarily based on integrated strategies, including crop rotation, the use of resistant cultivars, proper soil management, and biological control. Therefore, understanding the biology and epidemiology of Macrophomina phaseolina is essential for developing effective control measures and reducing agricultural losses associated with the disease.