Green Ferrite-Based Nanocomposites: Emerging Multifunctional Materials for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Environmental Remediation

Vollständiger Abstract

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In the era of scarcity of potable water, there is need of immediate attention for sustainable treatment of wastewater. Water has such a strong tendency to dissolve other substances and that's why sometimes referred to as the universal solvent. Significant impact of water pollution is summarized such as human health, water pollution can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. Exposure to contaminated water can also cause cancer, neurological damage, and reproductive problems. Environmental damage originating from water pollution can harm aquatic life, including fish, plants, and other organisms. Environmentally conscious design of these nanocomposites extends their utility beyond pollutant removal-contributing to broader environmental remediation and sustainability goals, such as soil rejuvenation, industrial effluent recycling, and circular water management. This is largely because of its polar molecular structure. Now a days, Ferrite-based nanocomposites has brought great attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique physicochemical properties including high surface area, magnetic separability and catalytic activity. Chemically and eco-friendly synthesis methods of ferrite nanomaterials/nanocomposites emphasize on methods utilizing plant extracts, bio-templates, and low-energy co-precipitation techniques, which bring great advantages of avoiding toxic reagents, low energy consumption, and improving biocompatibility. Various studies have showcased how these nanocomposites may be utilized in treatment of wastewater through adsorption, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial activity, focusing on the removal of dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. The magnetic properties of ferrites facilitate easy recovery and reuse, enhanced their practical applicability in this area. Their multifunctional behavior enables effective degradation of organic dyes such as Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Phenol, Rose Bengal. Moreover, magnetic separability allows facile recovery and reusability, greatly reducing secondary pollution and operational costs. By Photocatalysis or adsorbent, the removal efficiency of different dyes Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Phenol, Rose Bengal, and pharmaceuticals can be determined by emphasizing on the parameter of catalyst dosage, light intensity, initial dye concentration and pH. For a long time, ferrite nanoparticles were seen as adsorbents suitable for physically removing pollutants, but recent studies shows that nanostructures could be suitable for UV and Visible light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of contaminants. By integrating current research, this review highlights the role of nanoparticle/ nanocomposites in addressing water-related issues and suggests directions for future research and technology development.