National trends in neonatal diagnoses recorded at hospital discharge in Kazakhstan, 2014–2024

Vollständiger Abstract

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Background Declining neonatal mortality has increased the number of surviving newborns; however, in health systems without validated neonatal morbidity indicators, population-level patterns of diagnoses recorded at hospital discharge remain poorly characterised. Objective To characterise national trends in neonatal mortality, survival among infants with extremely low and very low birth weight, and International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnoses recorded at discharge among surviving newborns in Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2024. Methods We conducted a nationwide retrospective population-based study using de-identified administrative health data covering all live births in Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2024. Temporal trends in neonatal mortality, survival among infants with extremely low and very low birth weight and recorded primary ICD-10 diagnoses at discharge were assessed. Results Among 4 437 357 live births, neonatal mortality decreased from 6.2 to 4.0 per 1000 live births, whereas the proportion of surviving newborns with a recorded primary diagnosis at discharge increased from 4.9% to 16.7% (relative risk 3.41; 95% CI 3.36 to 3.46; p