A Qualitative Study: Stress Adaptation in Elderly during the COVID19 Pandemic Era - Anindya Arum Cempaka; Maria Theresia Arie Lilyana (JURNAL KEPERAWATAN SUAKA INSAN (JKSI), 2022)
AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola adaptasi stres pada lansia di masa pandemi virus corona-2019 (COVID19). Penelitian ini akan sangat membantu perawat keperawatan jiwa untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia di masayang akan datang. Penelitian kualitatif digunakan dengan pendekatan fenomenologis dengan melibatkan sepuluhpartisipan di Surabaya. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan dari wawancaramendalam. Ada empat tema utama yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi 1) penyebab stres selama pandemiCOVID-19, 2) gejala fisik yang disebabkan oleh stres, 3) sumber koping untuk menghadapi stres, dan 4) mekanisme kopingyang digunakan untuk menghadapi stresor. Penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kondisi mental lansia cukup terpengaruhakibat virus corona. Program pelatihan dan pendidikan yang membahas strategi psikologis untuk mengatasi stres sangatdirekomendasikan untuk lansia. Demikian pula, kegiatan yang terkait dengan peningkatan dukungan masyarakat (online)sangat penting untuk membantu mereka mengatasi kesulitan psikologis selama pandemi.Kata kunci: lansia; pola adaptasi stres; pandemi covid-19 ReferencesAbu-Raiya, H. et al. (2020) ‘Religious Coping andHealth and Well-Being among Jews andMuslims in Israel’, International Journal forthe Psychology of Religion, 30(3), pp. 202–215. doi: 10.1080/10508619.2020.1727692.Aglozo, E. Y. et al. (2021) ‘Spirituality and subjectivewell-being among Ghanaian older adults:optimism and meaning in life as mediators’,Aging and Mental Health, 25(2), pp. 306–315.doi: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1697203.Amelia, A., Lathifah, A. and Thohir, M. (2020) ‘LansiaRindu Bahagia: Kajian Keluarga JawaKelompok Lansia SUCI BanyumanikSemarang’, Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi,4(1), pp. 65–72. Available at:https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/endogami/article/view/34823.Ardyani, B. and Putri, G. K. (2021) ‘Mekanisme kopingpada remaja di Desa Ragajaya KecamatanBojong Gede Kabupaten Bogor’, IndonesianJournal of Nursing Scientific, 1(1), pp. 43–50.Arya, V. et al. (2019) ‘The geographic heterogeneity ofsuicide rates in India by religion, caste, tribe,and other backward classes.’, crisis. doi:doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000574.Ayu, F. and Gunadi, I. G. (2020) ‘Koping Religius padaSkizofrenia’, Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya, 7(1),p. 10. doi: 10.20473/jps.v7i1.19126.Basar, A. A. D., Zukhra, R. M. and Nopriadi (2021)‘Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial TemanSebaya dengan Stres Akademik PembelajaranDaring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19’, HealthCare : Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(2), pp. 287–296.doi: 10.36763/healthcare.v10i2.140.Brooks, S. K. et al. (2020) ‘The psychological impact ofquarantine and how to reduce it: rapid reviewof the evidence’, The Lancet, 395(10227), pp.912–920. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.Budiarti, E. and Hanoum, M. (2019) ‘Koping Stres danDukungan Keluarga terhadap KesejahteraanPsikologis Orang Tua yang Memiliki AnakBerkebutuhan Khusus’, SOUL: JurnalPemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 11(1), pp.44–61. Available at:http://jurnal.unismabekasi.ac.id/index.php/soul/article/view/2158.Buenaventura, R. D., Ho, J. B. and Lapid, M. I. (2020)‘COVID-19 and mental health of older adultsin the Philippines: A perspective from adeveloping country’, InternationalPsychogeriatrics, 32(10), pp. 1129–1133. doi:10.1017/S1041610220000757.Canda, E. L. and Furman, L. D. (2019) Spiritual diversityin social work practice: The heart of helping.Oxford University Press.Chirico, F. et al. (2020) ‘Spirituality and Prayer onTeacher Stress and Burnout in an ItalianCohort: A Pilot, Before-After ControlledStudy’, Frontiers in Psychology. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02933.Clements, A. D. and Ermakova, A. V. (2012) ‘Surrenderto God and stress: A possible link betweenreligiosity and health’, Psychology of Religionand Spirituality.Cyphers, N. A. and Clements, A. D. (2018) ‘AssessingReligious Commitment and Satisfaction: TheReligious Surrender and AttendanceSatisfaction Scale’, Journal of Christiannursing : a quarterly publication of NursesChristian Fellowship, 35(4), pp. 250–257. doi:10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000531.Daulay, N. (2020) ‘Koping Religius dan KesehatanMental Selama Pandemi Covid-19 : StudiLiteratur’, PSISULA: Prosiding BerkalaPsikologi, 2(November), pp. 349–358.Fahrezi, M. et al. (2020) ‘Peran Pekerja Sosial DalamMeningkatkan Kemampuan Coping StresMasyarakat’, Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial,3(1), p. 53. doi: 10.24198/focus.v3i1.28730.Fatmawati, F. and Ahmad, N. F. F. (2021) ‘KecemasanMasyarakat di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19’,Jurnal Keperawatan Profesional, 2(2), pp.56–61. doi: 10.36590/kepo.v2i2.173.Ganing, A. and Muslimin, I. (2020) ‘Studi Literatur:Pengetahuan sebagai Salah Satu Faktor UtamaPencegahan Penularan COVID-19’, JurnalKesehatan Manarang, 6(Khusus), p. 55. doi:10.33490/jkm.v6ikhusus.340.García-Fernández, L. et al. (2020) ‘Mental Health inElderly Spanish People in Times of COVID19 Outbreak’, American Journal of GeriatricPsychiatry, 28(10), pp. 1040–1045. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.027.Habib, H. A., Hussain, S. and Habib, N. A. (2020)‘Religious Coping as a Predictor of PositiveAffect and Life Satisfaction during EpidemicConditions of COVID-19’, Sir Syed Journal ofEducation & Social Research, 3(3), pp. 42–48.doi: https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss3-2020(42-48).Herlena, B. and Seftiani, N. A. (2018) ‘KecerdasanSpiritual Sebagai Prediktor KesejahteraanSubjektif Pada Mahasiswa’, Jurnal PsikologiIntegratif, 6(1), p. 101. doi:10.14421/jpsi.v6i1.1473.Hurlock, E. B. (2018) Psikologi perkembangan: Suatupendekatan sepanjang rentang kehidupan.Jakarta: Erlangga.Kosalina, N. (2018) ‘Gambaran Kesejahteraan SubjektifLansia Yang Aktif Dalam Kegiatan Religius’,Psibernetika, 11(1), pp. 31–46. doi:10.30813/psibernetika.v11i1.1158.Kurniasih, E. P. (2020) ‘Dampak Pandemi Covid 19Terhadap Penurunan KesejahteraanMasyarakat Kota Pontianak’, ProsidingSeminar Akademik Tahunan Ilmu Ekonomidan Studi Pembangunan 2020, pp. 277–289.Maggi, G. et al. (2021) ‘Mental health status of Italianelderly subjects during and after quarantine forthe COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectionaland longitudinal study’, Psychogeriatrics,21(4), pp. 540–551. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12703.Mattis, J. S. et al. (2017) ‘What would I know aboutmercy? Faith and optimistic expectanciesamong African Americans’, Race and socialproblems. doi: 10.1007/s12552-016-91.Munawar, K. and Choudhry, F. R. (2021) ‘Exploringstress coping strategies of frontline emergencyhealth workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan:A qualitative inquiry’, American Journal ofInfection Control, 49(3), pp. 286–292. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.214.Nikmanesh, Z. and Ansari, H. (2018) ‘Religious CopingStyles, General Health, and PsychologicalWell-Being Among Mothers of MentallyDisabled Children’, Iranian RehabilitationJournal, 16(1), pp. 3–10. doi:10.29252/nrip.irj.16.1.3.Olagoke, A. A., Olagoke, O. O. and Hughes, A. M.(2021) ‘Intention to Vaccinate Against theNovel 2019 Coronavirus Disease: The Role ofHealth Locus of Control and Religiosity’,Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), pp. 65–80. doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-01090-9.Paende, E. (2019) ‘Pelayanan Terhadap Jemaat LanjutUsia Sebagai Pengembanggan PelayananKategorial’, Missio Ecclesiae, 8(2), pp. 93–115. doi: 10.52157/me.v8i2.99.Pardede, J. A., Rohana Sinaga, T. and Sinuhaji, N. (2021)‘Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Tingkat StresNarapidana’, Jurnal Kesehatan, 4(1), pp. 98–108. doi: 10.33368/woh.v0i0.376.Perry, A. G. and Potter, P. (2021) Fundamentals ofnursing. Elsevier Health Science.Rachmawati, A. and Nurhamida, Y. (2018) ‘DukunganSosial Teman Virtual Melalui MediaInstagram pada Remaja Akhir’, Jurnal ilmiahpsikologi terapan, 06(1), pp. 68–72.Rayani, D. and Purqoti, D. N. S. (2020) ‘Kecemasankeluarga lansia terhadap berita hoax di masapandemi Covid-19’, Jurnal realita.Roberto, A. et al. (2020) ‘Impact of spirituality onresilience and coping during the COVID-19crisis: A mixed-method approachinvestigating the impact on women ’, HealthCare for Women International, 41(11–12), pp.1313–1334.doi:10.1080/07399332.2020.1832097.Rohaniah, Y. and Rahmaini, R. (2021) ‘SosialisasiManajemen Keuangan Keluarga pada MasaPandemi Covid-19’, ABDI MOESTOPO:Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat, 4(01),pp. 45–49. doi: 10.32509/am.v4i1.1371.Rosyanti, L. and Hadi, I. (2020) ‘Dampak Psikologisdalam Memberikan Perawatan dan LayananKesehatan Pasien COVID-19 pada TenagaProfesional Kesehatan’, Health Information :Jurnal Penelitian, 12(1), pp. 107–130. doi:10.36990/hijp.vi.191.Sadock, B. J. (2020) Buku Ajar Psikiatri Klinis Kaplan &Sadock Edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC.Shearer, A. et al. (2018) ‘Religion, Sexual Orientation,and Suicide Attempts Among a Sample ofSuicidal Adolescents’, Suicide and LifeThreatening Behavior, 48(4), pp. 431–437.doi: 10.1111/sltb.12372.Sheila L. Videbeck (2020) Psychiatric mental healthnursing (8th edition). Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, United States: LippincotWilliams & Wilkins.Shigemura, J. et al. (2020) ‘Public responses to the novel2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan:Mental health consequences and targetpopulations’, Psychiatry and ClinicalNeurosciences, 74(4), pp. 281–282. doi:10.1111/pcn.12988.Stuart, G. W. (2016) Prinsip dan Praktik KeperawatanKesehatan Jiwa. Elsevier.Uwa, L. F., Milwati, S. and Sulasmini (2019) ‘HubunganAntara Stres Dan Pola Makan DenganKejadian Gastritis Yang Terjadi Di PuskesmasDinoyo’, Nursing News, 4, pp. 237–247.Available at:https://publikasi.unitri.ac.id/index.php/fikes/article/view/1543.Wardhani, L. P. K. and Panuntun, D. F. (2020)‘Pelayanan Pastoral Penghiburan Kedukaanbagi Keluarga Korban Meninggal CoronavirusDisease 2019 (COVID-19)’, KENOSIS:Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 6(1), pp. 43–63. doi:10.37196/kenosis.v6i1.98.Yang, X. et al. (2020) ‘Clinical course and outcomes ofcritically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study’,The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), pp.475–481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.Yuansari Octaviana Kansil, M. M. W. (2021)‘Pendampingan Pastoral Kristiani BagiKeluarga yang Berduka Akibar KematianKarena Covid-19’, Poimen: Jurnal PastoralKonseling, 2 No.1(1), pp. 49–65.Yusuf, A. et al. (2017) Riset kualitatif dalamkeperawatan. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.Zhou, F. et al. (2020) ‘Clinical course and risk factors formortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohortstudy’, The Lancet, 395(10229), pp. 1054–1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.